PTSD by Barbara O. Rothbaum

Author:Barbara O. Rothbaum
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Published: 2015-06-15T00:00:00+00:00

What are the DSM and ICD?

The clusters of PTSD symptoms as previously described are part of the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM).1 The fifth edition, known as the DSM-5, is the most common system of psychiatric diagnoses in the United States. The categories and symptoms have been developed and revised over many years. PTSD was first included as a diagnosis in the third edition (DSM-III) in 1980. Every several years, the American Psychiatric Association decides whether revision of the DSM is needed and then convenes researchers and experts to determine what changes if any are needed. The proposed changes are then put forward to the field for review and feedback, and then a final revision is collated and published for use. Over time the symptoms that make up the diagnosis of PTSD have changed from the DSM-III to the current DSM-5. These changes try to describe PTSD more precisely and make sure that the diagnosis helps people with PTSD get diagnosed and then find appropriate treatment.

The World Health Organization has also developed a system of categorization and diagnosis of all physical and mental health conditions called the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD), which is now in its 11th revision (ICD-11). This system is used widely throughout the world, and PTSD symptoms are described slightly differently in ICD-11 and DSM-5. However, the main idea in both volumes is that PTSD represents a stuck memory of a life threatening traumatic experience that haunts the survivor in intrusive symptoms and avoidance.

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